Indian civilization's richly wonderful cultural roots and scientific wisdom were thus left undiscovered by most of the brightest young Indians of the nineteenth century, who memorized works of John Milton, Geoffrey Chaucer, and William Shakespeare instead. "The National/Imperial Subject in T. B. Macaulay's Historiography." In the following year he was raised to the peerage, with the title of Baron Macaulay of Rothley. At age eight he wrote a compendium of universal history and also “The Battle of Cheviot,” a romantic narrative poem in the style of Sir Walter Scott. Macaulay intended to write the history of England from the accession of James II (1685) through the reign of George IV. His language was vivid and forceful. Visualization is sometimes considered as the simple process of making a graph or an im-age. 7th ed. The party that abolished the slave trade occupied a middle ground between Tories and Radicals that suited him. "Macaulay, Thomas Babington Thomas Babington Macaulay. This text is part of the Internet Modern History Sourcebook. The essay was first published in October 1840 and first collected in the “Foreign History” section of Volume II of Critical and Historical Essays , 1843. Birthplace: Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, England Location of death: London, England Cause of death: unspecified R. Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, English historian, essayist and politician, was born at Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, on the 25th of October 1800. In historiographical terms it marked, as Leopold von Ranke observed, the triumph of the Whig view of seventeenth-century English history over the Tory view, articulated by David Hume. The standard biography of Macaulay is by his nephew, Sir George Otto Trevelyan, The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay (2 vols., 1876; repr. ." Boldface has been added: The timely arrival of William III (r. 1689–1702) represented a "preserving revolution," whereby William became the instrument for restoring both English liberty and English Protestantism. 2021 . ." The Oxford Companion to British History. Macaulay was elected to Parliament in 1830. He believed India would eventually be free of British rule and acknowledged that coercion was needed to maintain it. Until the Reform Bill, the House of Commons had been elected in … In 1835 he wrote the historic and still controversial “Minute on Indian Education” ([1831–1853] 1935, pp. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. have images.” -Thomas Babington Macaulay To visualize means to form an image or a model of an abstract thought or an object. Macaulay compiled British India's Code of Criminal Procedure almost single-handed, as both of his original collaborators soon fell too ill to continue. English Essays: Sidney to Macaulay. 14 Mar. In 1825 the first of his essays, that on John Milton, published in The Edinburgh Review, brought him immediate fame and the chance to display his social gifts on a wider stage; he was courted and admired by the most distinguished personages of the day. Encyclopedia.com. 1932). However, it was also his aim to emphasize the art of narrative and evoke the drama and scenic quality of historical events. Economic ContributionsH. His health started to fail, however, so he devoted most of his last years of life to writing his monumental History of England, five volumes of which he finished before being honored by the Crown as Baron Macaulay of Rothley in 1857, the year Britain almost lost India, following the "Sepoy Mutiny" at Meerut in early May. Boston: Crosby, Nichols, Lee and Co., 1861. Bagehot, Walter From Thomas Babington Macaulay, "Minute of 2 February 1835 on Indian Education," Macaulay, Prose and Poetry, selected by G. M. Young (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1957), pp-721-24,729. 2 vols. Omissions? Volumes 7-10: Essays and Biographies. Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay. [For the historical context of Macaulay's work, see History,article on Social History.! Poem Hunter all poems of by Thomas Babbington Macaulay poems. Pages 265–341 in William E. Gladstone,Gleanings of Past Years: 1843–1878. Macaulay, Thomas Babington. In 1857 Macaulay was raised to the peerage. Lord Bentinck's Calcutta Council was so impressed with Macaulay's rhetoric that they voted against "wasting" any company funds allocated for higher education on "Oriental learning" for Indians, who were only to study "Western learning" in English. Multiple sizes available. (March 14, 2021). For him parliamentary reform was not merely a matter of expediency, although, to be sure, he emphasized that the aristocracy had better make timely political concessions to the middle classes if it wanted to avoid revolution. ." Working on Indian affairs by day and attending the House of Commons in the evenings, he nevertheless found time to write a ballad, “The Armada,” as well as eight literary and historical essays for The Edinburgh Review. Selected with a historical introduction by C. D. Dhaker. 4:20-28. (March 14, 2021). He died at Campden Hill and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Encyclopedia.com. London: Macmillan. In it Macaulay's main concern was to defend Milton as a champion of civil and intellectual liberty against tyranny and despotism. New York and London: Putnam. Trevelyan, George O. Thomas Babington Macaulay Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, FRS FRSE PC was a British historian and Whig politician. Halévy, Élie They are all laced with partisan zeal. The Oxford Companion to British History. 7, pp. ." Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay, in full Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay of Rothley, (born October 25, 1800, Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, England—died December 28, 1859, Campden Hill, London), English Whig politician, essayist, poet, and historian best known for his History of England, 5 vol. One reason is that he often has been represented in texts and anthologies by his poorest work, and by excerpts, rather than whole essays, that obscure his humanism. by Thomas Babington Macaulay and Study Guide by: Cheryl Lowe | May 1, 2007. Quotes Suitable for Framing: Thomas Babington Macaulay. Retrieved March 14, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/thomas-babington-macaulay. Macaulay’s History of England brought him a secure, if diminished, place among English historians as the founder, with his contemporary Henry Hallam, of what is now known as the Whig interpretation of history. Edwards, Owen Dudley, Macaulay, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. In his History Macaulay showed himself to be a master of historical narrative. Paperback $27.95 $ 27. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The son of Zachary Macaulay, a British colonial governor and abolitionist, Macaulay was born in Leicestershire and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Born in England in 1800, he wrote one of his first poems at the age of eight called "The Battle of Cheviot." Encyclopedia of World Biography. He was made paymaster general when Lord John Russell became prime minister in 1846 but spoke only five times in the parliamentary session of 1846–47. Encyclopedia.com. Encyclopedia.com. The success of the History was enormous. Donald R. McClarey March 14, 2013 Joseph Stalin: How many divisions has the Pope? On his return to England, Macaulay was elected to Parliament to represent Edinburgh (1839-1847). He absorbed and retained the moral and ethical imperatives inculcated upon him; but much to the chagrin of his father, he never underwent a conversion experience and always remained wary of the emotional excesses, cant, and hypocrisy to which an experiential religion so easily lends itself. He was invited to become a contributor, and his first publication in the Edinburgh was the famous essay on Milton (1825). The 19th century historian Thomas Babington Macaulay wrote of the bitter aftermath of the English civil war: “One old Cavalier had seen half his manor house blown up. Pages 242–262 in Mirra Komarovsky (editor), Common Frontiers of the Social Sciences. This minute is a very important document for UPSC history. R . This inherently dramatic story involving the downfall of King James II (r. 1685–1701) lacks the analytic power, however, that the critic Macaulay had recommended in his 1828 Edinburgh Review essay "History.". Thomas Babington Macaulay A passage from this essay has remained current among Catholics for having been quoted by Karl Adam in his celebrated Spirit of Catholicism . New York, 1973. When the Whigs returned to power in 1852 he refused a seat in the cabinet but was returned to Parliament by Edinburgh and took his seat. He took his sister Hannah with him and reached India at a vital moment when effective government by the East India Company was being superseded by that of the British crown. Paget, John 1861 The New “Examen”: Or, an Inquiry Into the Evidence Relating to Certain Passages in Lord Macaulay's History Concerning I. Revised by Sir Barnes Peacock, it went into operation in 1862. Thomas Babington Macaulay. Three notable, long narrative essays are "Lord Clive" (1840), "Warren Hastings" (1841), and "Frederic the Great" (1842). Walter Bagehot (1826–1877) was one of the last and best of nineteenth-century E…, History was crucial to American attempts at self-definition, as members of the revolutionary generation and their antebellum descendants themselves r…, Thomas Aquinas College: Narrative Description, Thomas College: Distance Learning Programs, Thomas E. Blanton Trial (Alabama Church Bombing): 2001, https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/macaulay-thomas-babington, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/thomas-babington-macaulay, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/macaulay-thomas-babington, https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/macaulay-thomas-babington, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/macaulay-thomas-babington-1st-baron, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/macaulay-thomas-babington, Aylmer, G.E. World Encyclopedia. Thomas Babington Macaulay was born at Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, on Oct. 25, 1800. The Oxford Companion to British History. ." Updates? Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. In addition, modern specialization has made his concept of history as a branch of literature seem obsolete. (1831–1853) 1935 Speeches by Lord Macaulay, With His “Minute on Indian Education.” Selected with an introduction and notes by G. M. Young. 7, pp. Review of English Literature 1, no. World Encyclopedia. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for Thomas Babington Macaulay (25 Oct 1800–27 Dec 1859), Find a Grave Memorial no. His speeches in favor of the Reform Bill in 1831 and 1832 gained him immense repute as an orator and secured for him, an outsider who lacked both wealth and noble birth, entry into the strongholds of Whig society. "Macaulay, Thomas Babington ." Other useful introductions to his life and work are Arthur Bryant, Macaulay (1933), and Richmond C. Beatty, Lord Macaulay, Victorian Liberal (1938). In 1834 Macaulay went to India as a member of the governor's Supreme Council. In 1838 Macaulay returned to England, and it was in the course of that year that he began seriously to plan his major literary work, which eventually appeared under the title The History of England, From the Accession of James the Second,. Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay PC (25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was a British poet, historian and Whig politician. ." Reform was, rather, the latest inevitable stage in a series of historical developments that had resulted in a more widespread distribution of property, great increase of wealth, ever greater triumphs of science and industry, and a steady progress from rudeness to refinement. The Highlands of Scotland; IV. His father, Zachary Macaulay, a Scotsman, had been a governor of Sierra Leone and was a leading figure in the "Clapham sect," a group of Evangelical reformers and abolitionists. . The common taste of today is unlikely to respond to the oratorical style of the work or to its optimistic presentation of the historical origins of Victorian prosperity and the grandeur of its imperial power. (March 14, 2021). He also held political office as Secretary at War between 1839 and 1841 and Paymaster-General between 1846 and 1848. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. The tour de force of the History is undoubtedly “England in 1685,” the first volume's famous third chapter which in the space of 150 pages surveys the nation's geography, population, resources, means of transport, and varied social classes and their occupations, as well as its army, navy, science, literature, and press. ——. Oxford, U.K., 2004. Though sometimes rigid and oversimplifying, his antithetical style imparted special force to aphorisms: for example, "An acre in Middlesex is better than a principality in Utopia.". Macaulay was born in the house of an uncle in Leicestershire. . unsympathetic to his Tory leanings and violently hostile to John Wilson Croker, the editor of Boswell's Life of Johnson, who was associated with the High Tory Quarterly Review. However, he did feel that the later ones were markedly superior to the earlier ones. At Cambridge, Macaulay's brilliant reputation attracted the attention of Francis Jeffrey, editor of the Edinburgh Review, the leading organ of Whig opinion and the most authoritative literary periodical of the day. with a new intro., 1961); George Macaulay Trevelyan, British History in the Nineteenth Century, and After, 1782-1919 (1938); David Churchill Somervell, English Thought in the Nineteenth Century (1929); and Walter Houghton, The Victorian Frame of Mind, 1830-1870 (1957). Believing that the lives of ordinary people were as relevant to historical writing as battles, treaties, and great deeds, Macaulay brought to life dramatic, picturesque scenes of the past. 1926-2000 (Gerald Edward Aylmer). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. 23 poems of Thomas Babbington Macaulay. 150-194). ." The Massacre of Glencoe; III. 345-361), which proposed English as the principal language of instruction for any national system of education in India, so that Western science, culture, and technology could more easily be transmitted. Macaulay's essays fall into two groups: arguments and narratives. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In India he made two significant contributions. On 2 February 1835, British historian and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay presented his ‘Minute on Indian Education’ that sought to establish the need to impart English education to Indian ‘natives’. Thomas Babington Macaulay Science Knowledge Great To punish a man because we infer from the nature of some doctrine which he holds, or from the conduct of other persons who hold the same doctrines with him, that he will commit a crime, is persecution, and is, in every case, foolish and wicked. A New History of India. Lazarsfeld, Paul F. 1957 The Historian and the Pollster. 95. https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/macaulay-thomas-babington, "Macaulay, Thomas Babington Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, English historian, essayist and politician, was born at Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, on the 25th of October 1800. His father, Zachary Macaulay, the son of a Presbyterian minister from the Hebrides, had been governor of Sierra Leone; an ardent philanthropist and an ally of William Wilberforce, who fought for the abolition of slavery, he was a man of severe evangelical piety. The antithetical style of Macaulay signals more than word arrangement: it was a way of perceiving, one that showed a strong affinity for order and balance, and an eighteenth-century sensibility. These characteristics led him on occasion to anticipate some of the insights of twentieth-century social science; the results are still well worth sampling in some of his articles: “Thoughts on the Advancement of Academic Education in England” (1826), in which he presented a well-argued case against the collegiate system of Oxford and Cambridge and for a nonresidential university in an urban setting; “Social and Industrial Capacities of Negroes”; (1827), in which Macaulay saw the roots of the Negro problem as fundamentally social and economic rather than in any sense innately “racial” “Machiavelli” (The Works of Lord. "Macaulay, Thomas Babington At Trinity College, Cambridge, he distinguished himself as a classicist and a poet. 23 poems of Thomas Babbington Macaulay. The essays were composed in the midst of an active political life. Stephen, Leslie (1876) 1904 Macaulay. Macaulay's goal, as he put it in his famed 1835 "Minute on Education," was "to form a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect.". Four years later he left for India, joining the executive council of Governor-General William Bentinck as British India's first law member. □. However, the principal labor of Macaulay's later years was the celebrated History of England, to which he sacrificed both his political career and his life in society. ." New York: Dutton. During the debates that preceded the passage of the Reform Act (1832), Macaulay eloquently supported the cause of parliamentary reform and was regarded as a leading figure in an age of great orators. . (1848–1861) 1913–1915 The History of England, From the Accession of James the Second,. His father, Zachary, one of the leading members of the “Clapham sect,” was a stern evangelical who fought unremittingly for the abolition first of … A playful, affectionate, humorous man, Macaulay the public figure was combative, cocksure, and fond of exaggeration. 2021 . ." Still, of its kind and of its time it remains a magnificent achievement. 14 Mar. Hamburger, Joseph, Macaulay and the Whig tradition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. Pinney, Thomas, ed. They dispose judgment with majestic ease, but their inability to perceive subtle qualifications and shades of character diminishes their critical value. Other polemical essays demonstrate more skill in treating concrete, practical subjects than at analyzing abstract subjects such as political economy. Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord Macaulay Horatius. He is best known for his History of England from the Accession of James II. His 1825 Edinburgh Review essay on John Milton made him famous. Retrieved March 14, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/macaulay-thomas-babington. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. He had, in fact, lost much of his interest in politics and retired into private life with a sense of relief, settling down to work on his History of England. Thomas Babington Macaulay. He wrote extensively as an essayist and reviewer, and on British history. "Thomas Babington Macaulay See alsoBritish East India Company Raj ; Educational Institutions and Philosophies, Traditional and Modern. Press. Glencoe, 111.: Free Press. Oxford Univ. Encyclopedia of World Biography. ." ." MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON (1800–1859), British politician and writer. →Volumes 1-6: History of. In 1856 Macaulay left Albany in Piccadilly, where he had lived since 1840, and moved to Holly Lodge, Campden Hill, then a district of lawns and trees. Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay, in full Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay of Rothley, (born October 25, 1800, Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, England—died December 28, 1859, Campden Hill, London), English Whig politician, essayist, poet, and historian best known for his History of England, 5 vol. Rau, Uma Satyavolu. The son and eldest child of Zachary Macaulay, a ScottishHighlander who became a colonial governor and abolitionist, Macaulay was born in Leicestershire, England. He was an eloquent spokesman for the liberal English middle classes. .. (1848–1861). . New York: Barnes & Noble. Macaulay thought history should be as interesting as fiction, and his History became nearly as popular as Dickens's novels. His composition was slow, with endless corrections both of matter and style; he spared no pains to ascertain the facts, often visiting the scene of historical events. Firth, Charles H. (1938) 1964 A Commentary on Macaulay's History of England. In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/macaulay-thomas-babington, "Macaulay, Thomas Babington Soon afterward he developed a heart disease and thenceforth played little part in politics. . The first two volumes of the History came out late in 1848, and it was appropriate that a work celebrating the bloodless revolution of 1688 and the establishment of English constitutional stability should make its appearance in the course of a year that had seen revolutionary violence on the continent of Europe, but not in England.
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