The sternal angle is the angle formed between the manubrium of the sternum and the body of the sternum (manubriosternal junction), and is an important anatomical landmark.It marks the level of the 2 nd pair of costal cartilages which lies at the level of the intervertebral disc between thoracic vertebrae 4 and 5. The angle varies between 160 and 169 degrees. The sternal angle is commonly used as an aid to count ribs, as it marks the level of the 2nd costal cartilage. The angle between the body and the manubrium (sternal angle) is an important clinical landmark because it demonstrates the site of articulation with the second rib (, 1–, 3). It articulates with the manubrium superiorly (manubriosternal joint) and the xiphoid process inferiorly (xiphisternal joint). The sternal angle is located at the point where the body joins the manubrium. The importance of the sternal angle is that of an anatomical superficial landmark, which forms a horizontal plane which indicates a series of anatomical occurrences, as follows: The 2nd rib is continuous with the sternal angle; slide your finger down to localize the 2nd intercostal space. If you find the sternal notch, walk your fingers down the manubrium a few centimeters until you feel a distinct bony ridge. This often has little impact on function or treatment following injury but can vary between individuals, like a two-pronged xiphoid process and the presence of a sternal foramen. Anatomical variations of the sternum include varying sizes of the sternal angle. The body is flat and elongated – the largest part of the sternum. The movement at the sternal angle allows the body of the sternum to move anteriorly and superiorly. It is at the level of the sternal angle or angle of Louis, which is at the 2nd costal cartilage and the intervertebral disc of T4 and T5 1.. In this way, what happens at the sternal angle of Louis? The manubriosternal joint, sometimes referred to as the sternomanubrial joint, is the articulation between the upper two parts of the sternum, the manubrium and sternal body. The diagram indicates the sternal angle of Louis.. This forms an important palpable landmark for clinical examination Body. It is know eponymously as the "angle of Louis" named after Antoine Louis 1 (1723-1792), a French physician. This is the sternal angle. Venous pressure greater than 3 to 4 cm above the sternal notch is considered elevated, suggesting right‐sided HF, constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid stenosis, or superior vena cava syndrome. However, in some people the sternal angle is concave or rounded. During physical examinations, the sternal angle is a useful landmark because the second rib attaches here. The sternal angle can be felt at the point where the sternum projects farthest forward. Sternal angle-manubriosternal joint-anterior angle formed by junction of manubrium and body of sternum ... Clinical importance of creatinine is the indicator of a good kidney function. This is the sternal angle. Sternal Angle. This small structure is cartilaginous early in life, but gradually becomes ossified starting during middle age. The angle of Louis (also called the sternal angle) is a useful place to start counting ribs, which helps localize a respiratory finding horizontally. The xiphoid process (from the Greek word xiphos , meaning “straight sword”) is a thin and elongated bone that is subject to many variations. Ribs 3–7 attach to the sternal body. The inferior tip of the sternum is the xiphoid process. Regardless of the patient's position, the sternal angle remains approximately 5 cm above the right atrium. Thus, the sternal angle and second rib are important landmarks for the identification and counting of the lower ribs. The vertical distance between the sternal angle and mid-right atrium varies according to the position of the patient; it is 5 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm when the patient is at 0 (supine), 30, and 45, respectively.
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