At Kot Diji in the Khairpur district, an early bronze age culture developed in this [162] In 2000 the government issued a nationwide amnesty to the political workers of liberal parties, sidelining the conservatives and leftists in the country. In 1996, seven weeks after this incident, Benazir Bhutto's government was dismissed by her own hand-picked president on charges of Murtaza Bhutto's death. The win is … [61][62], Indian Muslims from the United Provinces, Bombay Province, Central Provinces and other areas of India continued migrating to Pakistan throughout the 1950 and 1960s and settled mainly in urban Sindh, particularly in the new country's first capital, Karachi. A counter coup was initiated and the senior commanders of the military leadership ousted Sharif's government and took over the airport. Experience the best online shopping in Pakistan at Loot Sale with amazing deals and massive discounts on Pakistan’s top fashion brands with up to 75% OFF. [82] After a vote of confidence in Parliament and the promulgation of the 1956 constitution, which confirmed Pakistan as an Islamic republic, two notable figures became prime minister and president, as the first Bengali leaders of the country. [149] Despite Zia's tough rhetoric against the Western culture and music, underground rock music jolted the country and revived the cultural counter-attack on the Indian film industry.[149]. The British Prime Minister Attlee appointed Lord Louis Mountbatten as India's last viceroy, who was given the task to oversee British India's independence by June 1948, with the emphasis of preserving a United India, but with adaptational authority to ensure a British withdrawal with minimal setbacks. It also featured the tug of war between far-leftist forces in direct competition with populist far-right circles. [169] The LFO Order No. Many economists and think tanks suggested that until 2030 Pakistan become Asian Tiger and CPEC will play an important role in it. The beleaguered Left in the country must re-group itself to challenge this discourse. Pakistan left SEATO in 1973. The situation was controlled by Nazimuddin who issued a waiver granting the Bengali language equal status, a right codified in the 1956 constitution. [105] Leftists accused him of encouraging crony capitalism, the exploitation of workers and the suppression of the rights and ethnic-nationalism of the Bengalis (in East Pakistan), Sindhis, the Baloch and the Pakhtun[106] Amidst further allegations that economic development and hiring for government jobs favoured West Pakistan, Bengali nationalism began to increase and an independence movement gained ground in East Pakistan. According to this theory the safety of India's Muslim minority would be ensured by turning the Hindu minority in the proposed Pakistan into a 'hostage' population who would be visited by retributive violence if Muslims in India were harmed. [190] The issue remains controversial and further investigations were conducted by the UK police. With Soviet technical assistance the country's first steel mill was established in Karachi, which proved to be a crucial step in industrialising the economy. On 12 October 1999 Prime Minister Sharif's attempt to dismiss General Pervez Musharraf from the posts of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs and Chief of Army Staff failed after the military leadership refused to accept the appointment of ISI Director Lieutenant-General Ziauddin Butt his replacement. [127] In 1977 general elections were held in which the Peoples Party were victorious. A successful intervention by the USSR led to the signing of the Tashkent Agreement between India and Pakistan in 1965. Pakistan: Failure in National Integration. 1 (Summer 2011), pp. [22] Congress had hitherto refused to acknowledge the Muslim League's claim of being the representative of Indian Muslims but finally recognised to the League's claim after the results of this election. [57] Mountbatten had offered to serve as Governor-general of both India and Pakistan but Jinnah refused this offer. Millions of Afghan refugees poured into the country, fleeing the Soviet occupation and atrocities. Pakistan Left ‘High & Dry’ As Turkey Joins The UAE, Arab World In Boosting Ties With Israel. Talks between Bhutto and Rehman collapsed and President Khan ordered armed action against the Awami League. [111] Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party asserted itself even more. In 2007 Sharif made a daring attempt to return from exile but was refrained from landing at Islamabad Airport. 1972 ZA’s gov. In 1989, Bhutto ordered a military intervention in Afghanistan, which failed, leading her to dismiss the directors of the intelligence services. [45][46][47] Nehru wrote to Gandhi on 22 August that up to then, twice as many Muslims had been killed in East Punjab than Hindus and Sikhs in West Punjab.[48]. After gaining Independence, Pakistan vigorously pursued bilateral relations with other Muslim countries[67] and made a wholehearted bid for leadership of the Muslim world, or at least for leadership in achieving its unity. Pakistan joined CENTO in 1955. – The Express Tribune", "The Venkat Dhulipala interview: 'On the Partition issue, Jinnah and Ambedkar were on the same page, "Muslim League Appeals to the Voters of Punjab for Support of Pakistan". Pakistan left powerless as massive blackout sweeps country. Junejo in turn extended Zia's term as Chief of Army Staff until 1990. These quelled the Taliban militias in the north-west, but terrorist attacks continued elsewhere. Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province became a base for the anti-Soviet Afghan fighters, with the province's influential Deobandi ulama playing a significant role in encouraging and organising the jihad against the Soviet forces. Pakistan faced a civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulting in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. Parliament unanimously passed the 18th amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, which implemented this. [160] Early initiatives were taken towards the continuation of economic liberalisation, privatisation and freedom of the media in 1999. What exactly was CENTO (or Central Treaty Organization, or Bagdhad Pact, or Middle East Treaty Organization), or least successful Cold war alliance? [174] This did not deter another former prime minister, Benazir Bhutto, from returning on 18 October 2007 after an eight-year exile in Dubai and London to prepare for the 2008 parliamentary elections. The Election Commission announced that due to the assassination[191] the elections, which had been scheduled for 8 January 2008, would take place on 18 February. [85] Suhrawardy's efforts led to an American training program for the country's armed forces which met with great opposition in East Pakistan. [158] The Military Police seized the Prime Minister's Secretariat and deposed Sharif, Ziauddin Butt and the cabinet staffers who took part in this assumed conspiracy, placing them in the infamous Adiala Jail. [150][151][152] Under Nasir's leadership the ISI was also involved in supporting Chinese Muslims in Xinjiang Province, rebel Muslim groups in the Philippines, and some religious groups in Central Asia. [91] Tales of corruption in the civil bureaucracy and public administration had maligned the democratic process in the country and the public were supportive of the actions taken by General Khan. After that, CENTO was finally officially dissolved. Bhutto asked for a share in government saying Udhar tum, idhar hum, meaning "You in the east, I in the west". Usmani asked Pakistanis to remember Jinnah's message of "Unity, Faith and Discipline" and work to fulfil his dream: to create a solid bloc of all Muslim states from Karachi to Ankara, from Pakistan to Morocco. Bengali leader, Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin succeeded as the governor general of Pakistan. Alarmed by India's surprise nuclear test in 1974, Bhutto accelerated Pakistan's atomic bomb project. Following this Bhutto and his leftist colleagues were dragged into a two-year-long political trial in the Supreme Court. Stone-age hunter-gatherers lived on the Potohar plateau and in the Soan Valley in northern Punjab 300,000 or more years ago. [153] Benazir Bhutto continued her pressure on India, pushing India on to take defensive positions on its nuclear programme. Pakistan joined SCO in 2017. Sharif responded fiercely to international criticism and defused the pressure by attacking India for nuclear proliferation and the US for the atomic bombing of Japan: The World, instead of putting pressure on [India]... not to take the destructive road... imposed all kinds of sanctions on [Pakistan] for no fault of her...! Pakistan's political structure was changed to replace the semi-presidential system into a parliamentary democracy. In 1965 and in 1971, Pakistan tried fruitlessly to get support in its wars with India from CENTO, but this was rejected because it was viewed that CENTO was aimed at containing the USSR instead of India. Spontaneous withdrawal of Pakistan and Iran in 1979 caused the collapsed of Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). 11. [91] In a major development all of the infrastructure and bureaucracy of the capital was relocated from Karachi to Islamabad. The PCB had said that all players had to be in the team's bubble by Feb. 3 ahead of the three-match series against the Proteas that starts on Feb. 11. His party in the East Pakistan Parliament threatened to leave the state of Pakistan. Sharif intervened in the Gulf War in 1991, and ordered an operation against the liberal forces in Karachi in 1992. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); PakMcqs.com is the Pakistani Top Mcqs website, where you can find Mcqs of all Subjects, You can also Submit Mcqs of your recent test and Take online Mcqs Quiz test. Nations having common interests and objectives are impelled to enter Similar to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , the main purpose of the Baghdad Pact was to prevent communist incursions and foster peace in the Middle East. With the fall of East Pakistan two days away, I think an attempt to get a cease-fire in West Pakistan needs to be made diplomatically. [112] Although President Khan invited the Awami League to a National Assembly session in Islamabad he did not ask them to form a government, due to opposition from the PPP. The Idea of Pakistan. When did Pakistan left CENTO? The remaining matches of Pakistan Super League, which was postponed due to a COVID-19 outbreak, can now be rescheduled in June, said Pakistan Cricket Board. Pakistan became a member of CENTO in: a) 1954 b) 1955 c) 1958 d) None of these b) 1955 8. However, an exception was made for Punjab which did not apply to other provinces. I was in my bedroom, finishing revision of my Pakistan Studies paper and praying to Allah that I would do well on my exam. Bhutto dismissed the chiefs of the army, navy and the air force and ordered house arrest for General Yahya Khan and several of his collaborators. [74], In a 1948 speech, Jinnah declared that "Urdu alone would be the state language and the lingua franca of the Pakistan state", although at the same time he called for the Bengali language to be the official language of the Bengal province. This article is about the history of formation of the modern Pakistan and as a country after 1947. Latest and updated Mcqs of Current Affairs of the world. Muhammad Reza Pahlavi was the last king of Iran whose monarchy was overthrown on February 11 th, 1979 and Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini became the … [177], With Aziz completing his term, the liberal alliance now led by Musharraf was further weakened after General Musharraf proclaimed a state of emergency and sacked the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry along with the other 14 judges of the Supreme Court, on 3 November 2007. 7. In 1967, the PPP tapped a wave of anger against Ayub Khan and successfully called for major labour strikes in the country. [13][14] Many Barelvis and their ulema,[15] though not all Barelvis and Barelvi ulema,[16] supported the creation of Pakistan. Huseyn Suhrawardy became the prime minister leading a communist-socialist alliance, and Iskander Mirza became the first president of Pakistan. Pakistan left CENTO in 1979. Pakistan joined NAM in 1979. Pakistan in 1975 and talked with Pakistan president for common bank under the auspices of RCD and support Pakistan in Baluchistan in opposite Afghanistan. 10. With the assistance of the United Nations (UN) the war was ended but it became the Kashmir dispute, unresolved as of 2018[update]. The conservative government also adopted environmental policies after establishing the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. [198] Following repeated delays by Gillani in following Supreme Court orders to probe corruption allegations he was charged with contempt of court and ousted on 26 April 2012. [91] Major land reforms were carried out by the military government and it enforced the controversial Elective Bodies Disqualification Order which ultimately disqualified H. S. Suhrawardy from holding public office. The PPP's intellectuals maintained that the Awami League had no mandate in West Pakistan. [136] Zia's state-sponsored Islamization increased sectarian divisions in Pakistan between Sunnis and Shias due to his anti-Shia policies[137] and also between Deobandis and Barelvis. Pakistan joined OIC in 1969. The elections marked the return of the Peoples Party to power. [44] Political scientist Ishtiaq Ahmed says that although Muslims started the violence in Punjab, by the end of 1947 more Muslims had been killed by Hindus and Sikhs in East Punjab than the number of Hindus and Sikhs who had been killed by Muslims in West Punjab. [75] Nonetheless, tensions began to grow in East Bengal. She oversaw a tough stance to bring political stability, which with her fiery rhetoric earned her the nickname "Iron Lady" from her rivals. The squabble was resolved peacefully when United States formally apologized to Pakistan. [21] In the Constituent Assembly elections of 1946, the Muslim League won 425 out of 496 seats reserved for Muslims, polling 89.2% of the total votes. [7] Its members included several Islamic organisations in India, as well as 1400 nationalist Muslim delegates. Two down and two to go: For the next 40 years Pakistan and Turkey both remained strong, consistent and important US allies. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman then launched a civil disobedience movement which effectively paralysed the state machinery in East Pakistan. [113] Millions of Bengali Hindus and Muslims took refuge in eastern India leading to Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announcing support for the Bangladesh liberation war and providing direct military assistance to the Bengalis. [6] This is also the reason that the Pakistani government's official chronology declares that the foundation of Pakistan was laid in 712 AD[1] by Muhammad bin Qasim after Islamic conquest of Sindh and that these conquests at their zenith conquered the entire Indian subcontinent during Muslim Mughal Era. While the Awami League had won enough seats to form a government without the need for any coalition, West Pakistani elites refused to hand over power to the East Pakistani party. The Election Commission registered 24 political parties, and public meetings attracted many large crowds. [185] Departing an election rally in Rawalpindi on 27 December 2007, Benazir Bhutto was assassinated by a gunman who shot her in the neck and set off a bomb. Bhutto made close ties with the Arab countries and other Asian countries. This led the Indian Army to carry out a military exercise which mustered up to 400,000 troops near southern Pakistan. 07. Pakistan joined OIC in 1969. [111] The conservative PML, led by Nurul Amin, raised religious and nationalist slogans all over the country. Your email address will not be published. [94] During this period the private sector gained more power and educational reforms, human development and scientific achievements gained international recognition. In the Cold War between the USA and USSR, Pakistan firmly positioned itself in the USA camp. In early 1976 Bhutto's socialist alliance collapsed, forcing his left-wing allies to form an alliance with right-wing conservatives and Islamists to challenge the power of the PPP. Pakistan left CENTO in which year____? 09. [203] As of August 2013 national debates continue over the ongoing national isolation, the country's foreign policy, gun control, taxation, immigration, and anti-terrorism reforms. It has a semi-industrialized economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector. This retroactively legitimised Musharraf's 1999 actions and many of his subsequent decrees as well as extending his term as president. It is one of the Next Eleven, a group of eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a high potential to become the world's largest economies in the 21st century. While Pakistan’s ties with Saudi Arabia and the UAE have drastically soured, it has held tightly to Turkey. In 1953 at the instigation of religious parties, anti-Ahmadiyya riots erupted, which led to many Ahmadi deaths. Pakistan exploded her first nuclear bomb on: a) 28th May 1998 b) 14th August 1998 c) 4th April 1998 d) None of these a) 28th May 1998 9. Who is Muhammad VI: a) President of Tunis b) King of Morocco c) King of Jordan d) None of these b) King of Morocco 10. [57] Tensions in East Pakistan reached a climax in 1952, when the East Pakistani police opened fire on students protesting for the Bengali language to receive equal status with Urdu. Pakistan left SEATO in 1973. Its socialist rationale, roti kapda aur makaan (food, cloth, and shelter) and the party's socialist manifesto quickly popularised the party. Another motive and reason behind the Pakistan Movement and Two Nation Theory is the ideology of pre-partition Muslims and leaders of Muslim League including Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal is that, to re-establish the Muslim rule in South Asia. Early reports indicated that Bhutto was hit by shrapnel or gunshots,[189] but the Pakistani Interior ministry maintained that her death was due from a skull fracture sustained when the explosive waves threw her against the sunroof of her vehicle. Pakistan joined CENTO in 1955. 13. Pakistan joined CENTO (Central Treaty Organization) in 1955. Pakistan joined NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) in 1979. After reviewing the effects of the tests for roughly two weeks Sharif ordered the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission to perform a series of nuclear tests in the remote area of the Chagai Hills. This period, lasting until 1999, introduced competitive two-party democracy to the country. The riots in Calcutta were followed by intense communal rioting in Noakhali, Bihar, Garhmukteshwar and Rawalpindi. [87] President Mirza declared a state of emergency, imposed martial law, suspended the constitution, and dissolved both the socialist government in East Pakistan and the parliamentary government in West Pakistan. The military forces in the country were mobilised at war-readiness on the Indian border. [104] Within weeks Ayub Khan lost the momentum in West Pakistan and his image was damaged in public circles. The constitution of 1956 made Pakistan an Islamic democratic country. A. Excavations on the Balochistan plateau show a more advanced culture which flourished from 4000 to 2000 BCE. In 2011 steps were taken by Gillani to block all major NATO supply lines after a border skirmish between NATO and Pakistan. Once Jinnah said in his speech: The Pakistan Movement started when the first Muslim (Muhammad bin Qasim) put his foot on the soil of Sindh, the gateway of Islam in India.[4][5]. Junejo gradually fell out with Zia as his administrative independence grew; for instance, Junejo signed the Geneva Accord, which Zia disapproved of. [92] Under Ayub's presidency the country underwent a cultural shift when the pop music industry, the film industry and Pakistani drama became extremely popular during the 1960s. Visit of Ayub Khan. In 1972 the country's top intelligence services provided an assessment on the Indian nuclear program, concluding that: "India was close to developing a nuclear weapon under its nuclear programme". [57] His Finance Secretary Victor Turner announced the country's first monetary policy by establishing the State Bank, the Federal Bureau of Statistics and the Federal Board of Revenue to improve statistical knowledge, finance, taxation, and revenue collection in the country. Religious minorities were expected to stay put in the states they found themselves residing in. [70] The USA, which did not approve of Pakistan's creation, was against this idea and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee voiced international opinion at the time by stating that he wished that India and Pakistan would re-unite, feared to unity of Muslim World. [76], During a massive political rally in 1951, Prime Minister Ali Khan was assassinated, and Nazimuddin became the second prime minister. Soon after the evacuation the alliance with the US came to an end when Pakistan's atomic bomb project was revealed to the world, leading to the imposition of economic sanctions by the United States. Under Sharif's leadership, Pakistan became the seventh declared nuclear-weapon state, the first in the Muslim world. [122] The Constitution declared Pakistan an Islamic Republic and Islam the state religion. All private media channels including foreign channels were banned. In return General Zia dismissed the Junejo government on several charges in May 1988 and called for elections in November 1988. Pakistan left CENTO in 1979. [102] In 1968, Ayub Khan decided to celebrate his “Decade of Development,” it was strongly condemned by leftist students and they decided to celebrate, instead, a “Decade of Decadence. [201][202] Nawaz Shareef became prime minister on May 28. Sharif continued Bhutto's cultural policies, though he did allow access to Indian media. This period of military rule, lasting from 1977 to 1988, is often regarded as a period of persecution and the growth of state-sponsored religious conservatism. CENTO dissolved in 1979, and no members ever left the organization until, of course, its extinction. [175][176] While leading a massive rally of supporters, two suicide attacks were carried out in an attempt to assassinate her. In 1947, Pakistan gained its independence from Great Britain.About London, April 23-24, 1968. The Pakistani Left has a long and distinguished history. When this news reached Pakistan, a shocked Sharif called a Defence Committee of the Cabinet meeting in Islamabad and vowed that "she [Pakistan] would give a suitable reply to the Indians...". [14] Those Barelvis who supported the creation of a separate Muslim homeland in colonial India believed that any co-operation with Hindus would be counter productive. The Iranian revolution brought the end of the organization in 1979 along with Iran, Pakistan also left CENTO. 1970 (LFO No. Terrorism due to War of Afghanistan damaged the country's economy and infrastructure to a great extent from 2001-09 but Pakistan is once again developing. [110] The state parliament, supreme court and major government and authoritarian institutions also regained their statuses. US-India Partnership. [83], Suhrawardy's foreign policy was directed towards improving the fractured relations with the Soviet Union and strengthening relations with the United States and China after paying first a state visit to each country. Untrained in guerrilla warfare, the Pakistani high command in the east collapsed under commanders General Amir Niazi and Admiral Muhammad Sharif. [104] Virtually suspending the 1962 Constitution, President Khan instead issued the Legal Framework Order No. Your email address will not be published. Ties with the United States were renewed by Musharraf who endorsed the American invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. General Knowledge About Pakistan Pakistan joined UNO on 30 September, 1947.Pakistan joined ILO in 1947.Pakistan joined FAO in 1947.Pakistan joined UNESCO in 1949.Pakistan joined World Bank in 1950.Pakistan joined IMF in 1950.Pakistan joined SEATO in 1954Pakistan left SEATO in 1973.Pakistan joined CENTO in 1955.Pakistan left CENTO in 1979.Pakistan joined OIC in 1969.Pakistan … [181][182], Popular support for Musharraf declined when Nawaz Sharif successfully made a second attempt to return from exile, this time accompanied by his younger brother and his daughter. Pakistan was left alone by members of SEATO & CENTO. [129] Separate electorates for Hindus and Christians were established in 1985 even though Christian and Hindu leaders complained that they felt excluded from the county's political process. [86], In October 1958 President Iskandar Mirza issued orders for a massive mobilisation of the Pakistan Armed Forces and appointed Chief of Army Staff General Ayub Khan as Commander-in-chief. It borders Iran, Afghanistan and India in Southeast Asia. FILE - In this Jan. 17, 2020 file photo, Pakistani cricketer Mohammad Hafeez talks to reporters in Lahore, Pakistan. This value is mainly political. 1974. Pakistan's efforts for the independence movements of Indonesia, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Eritrea were significant and initially led to close ties between these countries and Pakistan. World Current Affairs MCQs 2021, Here you will find latest World current affairs Mcqs which are from Current International Issues, Geography, Atmosphere, Science & Literature, International Organizations and events. [72] Some of the Arab countries saw the 'Islamistan' project as a Pakistani attempt to dominate other Muslim states. [151] Pakistan was one of only three countries which recognised the Taliban government and Mullah Mohammed Omar as the legitimate ruler of Afghanistan. [54][55][56] The two governments agreed to repatriate abducted women and thousands of Hindu, Sikh and Muslim women were repatriated to their families in the 1950s. The Pakistan hospital runs out of oxygen for hours, with patients' relatives 'begging' staff to help. But its ghost would endure for another 39 years. 1971 to 1977 was a period of left-wing democracy and the growth of economic nationalisation, covert atomic bomb projects, promotion of science, literature, cultural activities and Pakistani nationalism. The Baghdad Pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran. After Zia assumed power, Pakistan's relations with the Soviet Union deteriorated and Zia strove for strong relations with the United States. [3][20], The Pakistani demand resulted in the Muslim League becoming pitted against both the Congress and the British. [53] The Pakistani government claimed that 50,000 Muslim women were abducted and raped by Hindu and Sikh men and similarly the Indian government claimed that Muslims abducted and raped 33,000 Hindu and Sikh women. Pakistan left CENTO in: a) 1975 b) 1977 c) 1979 Friday was declared a weekly holiday in a) January 1971 b) January 1973 c) January 1972 d) January 1977 The minimum age of Prime Minister under the Constitution of Pakistan is a) 34 years. Imperial State of Iran was the first country to recognise Pakistan in 1947. [17] The pro-separatist Muslim League mobilized pirs and Sunni scholars to demonstrate that their view that India's Muslim masses wanted a separate country was in the majority, in their eyes. Pakistan joined OIC in 1969. [192], The 2008 general elections marked the return of the leftists. Member states and USA refused to support Pakistan in need of the hour. [81] The same year the first legislative elections were held in Pakistan, which saw the communists gaining control of East Pakistan. The 1946 election in British India was essentially a plebiscite among Indian Muslims over the creation of Pakistan.[23][24][25]. The author of “Politics Among Nations” is: She exercised tough policies to ban Indian media in the country, while promoting the television industry to produce dramas, films, artistic programs and music. 1. 1970) which caused radical changes in West Pakistan. Institutional problems arose with president Ghulam Khan, who attempted to dismiss Sharif on the same charges he had used against Benazir Bhutto. The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power by, Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, opposed to the creation of Pakistan and the two-nation theory, Pakistan and its Nuclear Deterrent Program, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq § Reign as President of Pakistan, New wave of Pakistan rock music (1980–89), "Was Pakistan sufficiently imagined before independence? Her foreign policy made an effort to balance relations with Iran, the United States, the European Union and the socialist states. Focusing on cultural development, her policies resulted in growth in the rock and pop music industry, and the film industry made a comeback after introducing new talent. A guerrilla insurgency was initiated by the Indian-organised and supported Mukti Bahini ("freedom fighters"). India gained independence the following day. ISLAMABAD (AP) — Lawmakers in Pakistan’s upper house of parliament have re-elected a candidate supported by Imran Khan as Senate chairman. The Muslim League's demand for the creation of Pakistan had received overwhelming popular support from India's Muslims, especially those Muslims who were living in provinces where they were a minority. Pakistan joined NAM in 1979. Rounaq Jahan (1972). The One Unit Program and the centralisation of the national economy on the Soviet model was met with great hostility and resistance in West Pakistan. This was challenged by the opposition, which accused Bhutto of rigging the election process.
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