The massacre was covered up, but unveiled in later years, which then the men of Charlie Company, suspended. Events such as mass genocides and massacres, happen due to people’s strong willingness follow authority they will perpetrate these horrendous acts. The trial was not about if they were guilty or not, but about obedience in the military. In Phillip Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment, he used the power that police and prison guards gain while in control to show that having a figure giving directions will drastically change the way that someone will act in accordance or defiance with the authority figure’s orders and how much people will fall into their roles in their situation. Through the teaching and instilment of how we do things as soldiers…, They bring out the tone of conflict which exemplifies the theme of war. The 7th of August 1964 saw the start of the Vietnam War where fatalities escalated as war arose. The same situation arises in “The Perils of Obedience,” by Stanley Milgram. In “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience” authors Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton claim that the act on My Lai was an example of indefinite orders from one authority to another. The case studies they investigated range from the My Lai military massacre in Vietnam, to organizational misconduct such as the Watergate scandal and the systemic failures that led to the crash of the Challenger space shuttle. Sam Weinberg fight for their justice. For example, the My Lai massacre and the abuses at the Abu-Ghraib prison in Iraq are great illustrations of this. (from Crimes of Obedience: Toward a Social Psychology of Authority and Responsibility) by HERBERT C. KELMAN and V. LEE HAMILTON Summarize Kelman and Hamilton’s analysis of the My Lai massacre. This attack was strategic in that it damaged several of the target audiences that al-Qaeda wanted to destroy. -March 16, 1968. The thorough examination of these characters provides the audience a story that goes beyond obvious fact and demonstrates a narrative with rather complex antagonists. This is recognized with the American soldiers at Abu Ghraib because of the specific military training program they endured. In Crimes of Obedience, Kelman and Hamilton argue that the My Lai Massacre “is an instance of a class of violent acts that can be sanctioned massacres: acts of indiscriminate, ruthless, and often systematic mass violence, carried out by military personnel (KH 12).” The second problem was a shattered state. Many people have drawn similarities between the two. Factors such as uncertainty, routinization, gradual escalation, and dehumanization of the victim are all possible components in affecting one’s obedience. The My Lai massacre is one example of a crime in which individuals claimed that they were simply following the orders of someone who had a right to command them. 4. According to, Human rights in Saddam Hussein 's Iraq, stories of rape, killing and beatings followed the reputation of Uday Hussein, as he inherited his sadistic pastimes from his…, The aforementioned examples, which are privileged and mimicked in many similar texts, align with western mindsets on the theme of child soldiers. 14 The My Lai Massacre A Military Crime of Obedience Herbert Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton (1989) March 16, 1968, was a busy day in U.S. history. In fact, the entire Hussein era was so horrific, that it was debated whether Saddam Hussein’s sons brutality towards the Iraqi people was worst than their tyrannical father. Once you have re-arranged your clusters of notes this way, write your lead, based on the first cluster. However, it is difficult to imagine being in the position of either going against personal morals or, and Downey was sitting on the fact that the two soldiers simply followed an order. This turn in the civil war, saw one of the world’s most infamous events, The My Lai Massacre take place. Start studying The Mylai Massacre. Observing wounded civilians, he marked their locations with smoke grenades and radioed for troops on the ground to proceed to those positions to administer medical aid. According to Kelman & Hamilton, "Unquestioning obedience has been the cause of such disasters as the My Lai massacre and the Holocaust. According to these authors, “American military law assumes that the subordinate is inclined to follow orders…” (Kelman, Hamilton 270). Sergeant William Calley’s defense of his behavior in the My Lai massacre and the widespread public support for his argument that he was merely obeying orders from a superior and was not personally culpable led Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton to investigate the attitudes toward responsibility and authority that underlie "crimes of obedience"—not only in military circumstances like My Lai but as manifested in Watergate, the Iran-Contra scandal, and the … At Abu Ghraib, US soldiers were exploited for using awful techniques of torture of Iraqi people. For example, the My Lai massacre and the abuses at the Abu-Ghraib prison in Iraq are great illustrations of this. The My Lai Massacre: A Crime of Obedience? This once civil war since 1954 became an international Cold War as the US conducted military operations to the now, politically unstable Southeast Asia overrun by the Viet Cong. He proves this by including an experiment where one would only continue administering shocks if they were told they were not being held, Introduction to My Lai This is not unlike the My Lai massacre described in the article, “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience” by Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton. The mock prison experiment created by Dr. Zimbardo helped explain the 2003 case of Abu Ghraib, a prison in Iraq where detainees were being severely mistreated by the soldiers on guard. American soldiers are accustomed to being treated poorly by the natives of an occupied country, but it still influenced the actions that occurred on March 16. The evidence of the prisoners of war is vividly described by the author when he uses imagery to describe the grey backdrop, ground muddy, cold mist in the air and silence except for the sound of footsteps and…, Violence was still eminent in Iraq when the UN headquarters was blew up killing people inside it (Diamond pg.11). Society is based upon those who lead and those who follow. “It was terrible. In “The My Lai Massacre: A military Crime of Obedience,” Kelman and Hamilton, discuss what compels people to ignore morals in order to please authority. This is precisely similar to the argument Kelman and Hamilton present in their article “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience”. As the novel progresses, the reasons as to why Dick and Perry were incarcerated and became criminals becomes increasingly apparent. My Lai massacre. There is an unquestionable connection between Milgram's "Obedience to Authority" and the My Lai Massacre. Their main explanation is that the structure of the military causes social processes which make it easier for someone to kill or hurt another person; this includes: authorization, routinization, and dehumanization (Kelman and Hamilton 1989:22). Stateside, Robert F. Kennedy announced his presidential candidacy, challenging a sitting president from his own party—in part out of opposition to an undeclared and disastrous war. The theories and experiments that we will introduce and apply to the My Lai massacre are the following: Obedience to Authority by Stanley Milgram, a study on group conformity The article, “Report Blames Rumsfeld for Detainee Abuses” by Shane and, The military’s training programs is what initiates these soldiers to be able to dehumanize an enemy. Kelman and Hamilton (1989) in “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience” did not only write about what occurred during the My Lai massacre, but expanded on WHY the military personnel engaged in this horrible act. In the article “The Perils of Obedience,” author Stanley Milgram claims that obedience is a fundamental tendency that is a powerful instinct nullifying principles of sensitivity and morals of many people. Kelman and Hamilton, in their article, “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience,” examine how Lt. Calley's unquestioning obedience resulted in the massacre of many women and children. The My Lai Massacre in Vietnam was one of the many atrocities of that war. As a result, we see that these children are conscripted to become instruments of war, to kill and be killed; child soldiers are forced to give the same violent expression to towards their communities that the rebel adults give…, Through these aspects, Capote challenges various principles of violence and human nature with which our cynical society has learned to live by. The My Lai Massacre in Vietnam was one of the many atrocities of that war. I believe that the similarities outweigh the differences between the two events and that Zimbardo’s experiment was…, The structure of the military is responsible for soldiers committing cruel and unnecessary acts. Over subsequent days, while Charlie Company continued its unsuccessful search for the 48th Viet Cong Battalion, a cursory investigation was made of Thompson’s allegations. They pose the dilemma present at My Lai: the disagreement between Calley and the court-martial seems to have revolved around the definition of the responsibilities of a subordinate to obey, on the one hand, and to evaluate, on the other. Milgram believes that everyone feels inclined to be obedient, but not hold responsibility. American soldiers are accustomed to being treated poorly by the natives of an occupied country, but it still influenced the actions that occurred on March 16. My Lai Massacre - My Lai Massacre - Cover-up, investigation, and legacy: Upon his return to base later that morning, Thompson reported that he had observed the widespread killing of civilians in My Lai. On … Sergeant William Calley’s defense of his behavior in the My Lai massacre and the widespread public support for his argument that he was merely obeying orders from a superior and was not personally culpable led Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton to investigate the attitudes toward responsibility and authority that underlie "crimes of obedience"—not only in military circu The My Lai Massacre: A Crime of Obedience Connections: ISIS- The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (Levant) Use to be cohorts with the al-Qaeda but as of Feb.2014 they split for a number of reasons but one of the biggest reasons was because the ISIS factions proved to be to brutal Crimes of obedience and mistreatment to other human beings are not only found in Milgrim’s and Zimbardo’s experiments. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This page contains quotations about the My Lai massacre, carried out by American soldiers of ‘Charlie’ Company in 1968. -crime of obedience. Influence Of Classical Influence On Politics, Persuasive Essay On The Classic Chocolate Cake, The Importance Of Parents Support For Children, Cherokee Indian Rights Of Passage Analysis. According to Kelman & … In any case prisoners of war are tortured and killed so that they can give important information to their enemies, the enemies use this important information to an advantage and defeat their enemies. Capote examines their upbringings, especially Perry who proves to be the more interesting of the two, and the influence it had on the murder.…, Al Qaeda’s attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center hit several multinational corporations, international communications and data exchange systems housed in the World Trade Center. . The 1968 My Lai Massacre was one of the most horrific incidents of violence committed against unarmed civilians during the Vietnam War. The Implications of Obedience Within the United States Military: The My Lai Massacre On March 16, 1968, a unit of the United States military was ordered to advance into a village called Son My in northern Vietnam. Typically people will go as far as harming innocent people in order to please authority. If you would like to suggest a quotation for inclusion here, please contact us. 216, Subpar. It was there that a mass execution of unarmed civilians took place. It was never considered a "war," although that is exactly what it was. In the article, “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience,” Herbert C. Kelman and V.Lee Hamilton shows examples of moral decisions taken by people involved with war-related murders. Al-Qaeda desired to dramatize the conflict between the movement and the institution, and induce instrumental audiences to pressure the primary target audience.…, Mission readiness comes down to discipline and prioritizing which I will explain in this essay. The attacks damaged the headquarters of the military, corporate, communication, and data exchange operations upon which America’s dominance had been established. Charlie Company's Unusual Characteristics. Kaffee had to prove that Dawson and Downey were just following orders from a commanding officer and they were not guilty because they were performing their duties as marines in the military. December 1967, the 23rd Infantry Division’s fist battalion’s C Company, also known as Charlie Company. An act performed manifestly beyond the scope of authority, or pursuant to an order that a man of ordinary sense and understanding would know to be illegal, or in a wanton manner in the discharge of a lawful duty, is not excusable. Giving them these experiences teaches them that chances are the enemies will not treat them like humans, so consequently, they end up believing they should do the same to their enemies. Zimbardo 's prison experiment caused the question regarding how prisoners were being treated to rise. Commentary considered by Phillip Zimbardo’s “The Stanford Experiment” and Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience”, all these articles of psychological analysis bring nuance to such acts. According to Hitchens it was necessary for the U.S. to intervene and stop Hussein’s genocides.…, Social influences can have many different effects on people depending on what situation they are in as found in Stanley Milgram’s Obedience study. In “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience” authors Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton claim that the act on My Lai was an example of indefinite orders from one authority to another. There have been many examples of such crimes in the world's history, including the My Lai Massacre, in Vietnam, and the Holocaust, in Germany. Cmdr. There is an unquestionable connection between Milgram's "Obedience to Authority" and the My Lai Massacre. Milgram designs an experiment to see how far a person will advance in a substantial and significant circumstance in which he is regulated to administer accumulating pain on a complaining victim. The relevance of these portrayals is as significant as the argument of this issue itself; subsequently, representing a violation of human rights and compelling us to question our humanity. The article “The Abu Ghraib, military. Before and after the war Iraq has always been split due to the different racial groups and their beliefs. Knowing the outcome of being insubordinate, individuals are usually obedient, even when they are in a situation that is morally wrong. They mentioned that these soldiers had to go through this training so they could get “…a taste of the treatment…” just in case they became a prisoner one day (Shane and Mazzetti 2008). The My Lai Massacre, as it became later known, constituted one of the most heinous war crimes committed by U.S. forces during the Vietnam War. The Marines in the film, Harold Dawson and Private Louden Downey, are on trial for the murder of Private William Santiago because they had followed orders from their commanding officer to give Santiago a Code Red. His depravity knew no bounds, and he passed the evil of his regime onto his two sons, Uday and Qusay Hussein. Discipline and standards define what it means to be an Army professional. We have chosen to focus on the most recognized experiments and theories, as they are most prominent in their fields of research. This label made it easier for them to completely distinguish the prisoners from themselves because they were now seen as a total different group—or in other words, the enemy. The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience. The men of Charlie Company were ordered to go into the village of My Lai and destroy it in search of Viet Cong, which none were found. Although it is quite obvious the wrongdoing committed by Dick and Perry, Capote calls to attention the histories of the two felons. This tension . As a result of the battles fought in ancient times, up until modern warfare, millions of innocent lives have ended as a result of war crimes committed. Lieutenant William Calley … Even though these two events— the My Lai massacre and the abuses at Abu Ghraib—happened many years apart and were different kinds of situations, it is shown that the structure and dynamics of the military has fundamentally stayed the, Analysis Of The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime Of Obedience. In the article “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience,” authors Herbert C. Kelman and, explain why Dawson and Downey executed the “Code Red”? The experiment of Zimbardo brought together twenty-one men to simulate a prison environment and its influence on the psyche. The My Lai incident on March 16, 1968 was purely a “military crime of obedience” (Newman). They defined “crimes of obedience” as: “an illegal or immoral act committed in response to orders or directions from authority” (1989: 307). Sadly, too many guilty men were left unpunished, not just at My Lai, but in many other criminal actions by U. S. Forces in Vietnam. In their eyes, enemies are not, These three social processes permit most of the military personnel to try and justify their actions to themselves and others. Theodore Dalrymple, in his article, “Just Do What The Pilot Tells You,” asserts that there is a balance between when one should be obedient to orders or one should, Obedience From the outside perspective, it seems as though these events should be obviously avoidable. At the end, Dawson and Downey’s superior, fundamental attribution error (149). After refueling, Thompson returned to My Lai only to see that the wounded civilians … As the massacre was taking place, Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson was flying a scout helicopter at low altitude above My Lai. Another detail that supports the fact that dehumanization was present in Abu Ghraib is when Shane and Mazzetti (2008) stated that the prisoners, captured by American soldiers, were thought to be members of the Taliban and Al Qaeda. Zimbardo claimed that the guards were only acting based on the situation at hand, and that "majority of people can be made to do almost anything when put into psychologically compelling situations-".…, Hussein had a particular taste for sadism and would visit the prisons where torture was occurring to monitor the results. Crimes of obedience result from the tendency of ordinary people to commit illegal, immoral, or unethical acts against others when ordered by someone in authority or having power over them. -begin with orders: vague, rarely survive with clarity from transition down. The Vietnam controversy made many people feel at distress. Joanne Galloway, and Lt. j.g. d, Manual for Courts Martial, United States, 1969 Rev.) These quotations have been researched and curated by Alpha History authors. His opinion was that the massacre was a war crime. In 1968, U.S. troops massacred over 500 villagers in My Lai. Terms in this set (20) My Lai 4 Massacre. The creation of police forces in Iraq was the forefront of terrorists attack; terrorists took advantage of the fact that the police were poorly equipped and trained poorly, they were killed abruptly. In their formulation, what were the social processes that explain the massacre? (Par. Hitchens states that Hussein was a war criminal who oppressed his people and was responsible for mass human graves throughout Iraq. The My Lai Massacre A Military Crime of Obedience Herbert Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton (1989) Sanctioned Massacres The slaughter at My Lai is an instance of a class of violent acts that can be described as sanctioned massacres (Kelman, 1973): acts of indiscriminate, ruthless, and often systematic mass violence, The soldiers in My Lai, although possibly interpreting the orders differently than intended, ultimately did what their commanding officer ordered. The My Lai incident on March 16, 1968 was purely a “military crime of obedience” (Newman). One may wonder how the United States could do something so seemingly inhumane after considering what the Nazis did only twenty years prior to the Vietnam War. In addition, non-Muslim troops in the Middle East received their orders from the Pentagon, the attack complicated those orders creating chaos. They explain the events that occurr during My Lai and provide evidence from the court cases that followed. -rapes, tortures, killings of innocents. The power of a situation causes people to act in ways they may not have ever dreamed of, for instance The My Lai Massacre.
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