[55] In the 1740s, the Thirteen Colonies underwent the First Great Awakening. The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies[2] or the Thirteen American Colonies,[3] were a group of colonies of Great Britain on the Atlantic coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries which declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America. A Comprehensive Guide. Province of Georgia, established as proprietary colony in 1732; royal colony from 1752. The American Revolution unfolded in 13 British colonies clustered the eastern coastline of North America. [71] The Thirteen Colonies became increasingly divided between Patriots opposed to British rule and Loyalists who supported it.[72]. Here's the 13 colonies list: Connecticut Delaware Georgia Maryland Massachusetts Bay New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Virginia During the 1750s, the colonies began collaborating with one another instead of dealing directly with Britain. Reformed Baptist preacher Roger Williams founded Providence Plantations which became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. New Hampshires first president was John Cutt. The government protected its merchantsand kept others outby trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm. Its first leader was British General James Oglethorpe, who hoped to create a haven for English people who had been imprisoned for debt. Home Regions > > > Maryland. All rights reserved. They initially moved to the Netherlands, but eventually sailed to America in 1620 on the Mayflower. Jon Butler, Becoming America, The Revolution before 1776, 2000, p. 35. Upon their arrival, they drew up the Mayflower Compact, by which they bound themselves together as a united community, thus establishing the small Plymouth Colony. [13], Beginning in 1609, Dutch traders explored and established fur trading posts on the Hudson River, Delaware River, and Connecticut River, seeking to protect their interests in the fur trade. Later John Wheelwright. New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia were crown colonies. The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain. The 13 colonies were the group of colonies that rebelled against Great Britain, fought in the Revolutionary War, and founded the United States of America. This dispute was a link in the chain of events that soon brought about the American Revolution. (Women, children, indentured servants, and slaves were subsumed under the interest of the family head.) The London Company established the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1607, the first permanently settled English colony on the continent. During the Second Continental Congress, the remaining colony of Georgia sent delegates as well. During the war, each of the 13 colonies formed a Provincial Congress to lead them, now that they no longer accepted the laws of Great Britain. Tensions escalated in 1774 as Parliament passed the laws known as the Intolerable Acts, which greatly restricted self-government in the colony of Massachusetts. It was a private venture, financed by a group of English Lords Proprietors who obtained a Royal Charter to the Carolinas in 1663, hoping that a new colony in the south would become profitable like Jamestown. Elections were carnivals where all men were equal for one day and traditional restraints were relaxed. London insisted on this requirement for the colonies, telling governors to exclude from the ballot men who were not freeholdersthat is, those who did not own land. Both of these colonies became part of the Providence of Massachusetts Bay when it became a crown colony in 1692. "The Pine Tree was the last to be coined, and today there are specimens in existence, which is probably why all of these early coins are referred to as "the pine tree shillings." The New England colonies (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire), as well as the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania, were founded primarily for religious beliefs, while the other colonies were founded for business and economic expansion. That was just as true in the 1700s as it is today. 2) Ensures the states retain the power not given to the federal government (or to the people). They also had significantly higher numbers of slaves than most of the other colonies. The 13 Colonies. The charter offered no guidelines on religion. Germans also brought diverse forms of Anabaptism, especially the Mennonite variety. In 1702, East and West Jersey were combined to form the Province of New Jersey. The factions were based on the personalities of a few leaders and an array of family connections, and they had little basis in policy or ideology. Maryland is located on the East Coast between Delaware and Virginia. Baptists and Methodists were growing rapidly during the First Great Awakening of the 1740s. If a foreigner asked an American what life was like in America, the answer would depend greatly on where a person lived in the country. Later acts included the Currency Act of 1764, the Stamp Act of 1765, and the Townshend Acts of 1767. Maine remained a part of Massachusetts until achieving statehood in 1820. Thomas Cooper and David James McCord, eds. The Patriots repulsed the British force at the April 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord, then lay siege to Boston.[74]. This marked the start of separate governments in the Province of North-Carolina and the Province of South Carolina. Protestantism was the predominant religious affiliation in the Thirteen Colonies, although there were also Catholics, Jews, and deists, and a large fraction had no religious connection. Britain also gained Spanish Florida, from which it formed the colonies of East and West Florida. [26] In 1674, the proprietary colonies of East Jersey and West Jersey were created from lands formerly part of New York. [61] The relations were not always positive between the British military establishment and the colonists, setting the stage for later distrust and dislike of British troops. [103], Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. Besides the grouping that became known as the "thirteen colonies",[107] Province of New Hampshire, established in 1629; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1641; chartered as royal colony in 1679, 3. The New England Colonies The New England colonies included Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. The British hit back by passing a series of punitive laws and restricting self-government in the colonies. Plymouth Colony, the first establishment along the shores of Massachusetts Bay, was founded in 1620, and the number of settlers in the area continued to grow steadily after its founding. In 1688, the colonies of New York, West Jersey, and East Jersey were added to the dominion.